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Macrophytes as wastewater treatment agents: Nutrient uptake and potential of produced biomass utilization toward circular economy initiatives
- Source :
- Science of The Total Environment. 790:148219
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Macrophytes have been widely used as agents in wastewater treatment. The involvement of plants in wastewater treatment cannot be separated from wetland utilization. As one of the green technologies in wastewater treatment plants, wetland exhibits a great performance, especially in removing nutrients from wastewater before the final discharge. It involves the use of plants and consequently produces plant biomasses as treatment byproducts. The produced plant biomasses can be utilized or converted into several valuable compounds, but related information is still limited and scattered. This review summarizes wastewater's nutrient content (macro and micronutrient) that can support plant growth and the performance of constructed wetland (CW) in performing nutrient uptake by using macrophytes as treatment agents. This paper further discusses the potential of the utilization of the produced plant biomasses as bioenergy production materials, including bioethanol, biohydrogen, biogas, and biodiesel. This paper also highlights the conversion of plant biomasses into animal feed, biochar, adsorbent, and fertilizer, which may support clean production and circular economy efforts. The presented review aims to emphasize and explore the utilization of plant biomasses and their conversion into valuable products, which may solve problems related to plant biomass handling during the adoption of CW in wastewater treatment plants.
- Subjects :
- Environmental Engineering
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Biomass
Wastewater
010501 environmental sciences
01 natural sciences
Water Purification
Biogas
Bioenergy
Biochar
Animals
Environmental Chemistry
Waste Management and Disposal
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
fungi
food and beverages
Nutrients
Pulp and paper industry
Pollution
Biofuel
Wetlands
Constructed wetland
Environmental science
Sewage treatment
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00489697
- Volume :
- 790
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Science of The Total Environment
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....c606182bbc31f18b8620caca4a703bee