Degradation of cell surface heparan sulfates decreases the high affinity binding of basic FGF to endothelial cells, but not to FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells

The role of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells was investigated and compared with that of endothelial cells. FRTL-5 cells were incubated for 2 h with heparitinase (0.5-5.0 mU/mL), which specifically degrades heparan sulfate proteolgycans, and then stimulated by bFGF. The mitogenic effect of bFGF was estimated by measuring [3H]thymidine incorporation. Although cell surface heparan sulfates have been believed to be necessary for bFGF binding to its high affinity receptors, the heparitinase treatment had no significant effect on the DNA synthesis of FRTL-5 cells stimulated by bFGF. The binding study revealed that heparitinase treatment decreased low affinity bindings of [125I]bFGF to FRTL-5 cells by only 50% and did not attenuate the high affinity binding, while the same treatment abolished the high and low affinity binding to bovine pulmonary artery endothelial (CPAE) cells. Analysis of trypsin accessible cell surface 35SO4-labeled materials by Q-sepharose anion-exchange column chromatography showed that heparan sulfate proteoglycans, peaked at 0.55 M NaCl elution, disappeared from the surface of FRTL-5 cells after treatment with 2.0 mU/mL of heparitinase, indicating that the heparitinase resistant low-affinity binding sites are not heparan sulfates. These results demonstrate that cell surface heparan sulfates are not required for the high affinity binding of bFGF to FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells, while proteoglycans are necessary for binding to endothelial cells, and suggest that the mechanism of the action of bFGF is different in rat thyroid cells compared with endothelial cells.