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Histone variant selectivity at the transcription start site: H2A.Z or H2A.Lap1
- Source :
- Nucleus
- Publication Year :
- 2013
- Publisher :
- Landes Bioscience, 2013.
-
Abstract
- Considerable attention has been given to the understanding of how nucleosomes are altered or removed from the transcription start site of RNA polymerase II genes to enable transcription to proceed. This has led to the view that for transcriptional activation to occur, the transcription start site (TSS) must become depleted of nucleosomes. However, we have shown that this is not the case with different unstable histone H2A variant-containing nucleosomes occupying the TSS under different physiological settings. For example, during mouse spermatogenesis we found that the mouse homolog of human H2A.Bbd, H2A.Lap1, is targeted to the TSS of active genes expressed during specific stages of spermatogenesis. On the other hand, we observed in trophoblast stem cells, a H2A.Z-containing nucleosome occupying the TSS of genes active in the G 1 phase of the cell cycle. Notably, this H2A.Z-containing nucleosome was different compared with other promoter specific H2A.Z nucleosomes by being heterotypic rather than being homotypic. In other words, it did not contain the expected two copies of H2A.Z per nucleosome but only one (i.e., H2A.Z/H2A rather than H2A.Z/H2A.Z). Given these observations, we wondered whether the histone variant composition of a nucleosome at an active TSS could in fact vary in the same cell type. To investigate this possibility, we performed H2A.Z ChIP-H2A reChIP assays in the mouse testis and compared this data with our testis H2A.Lap1 ChIP-seq data. Indeed, we find that different promoters involved in the expression of genes involved in distinct biological processes can contain either H2A.Z/H2A or H2A.Lap1. This argues that specific mechanisms exist, which can determine whether H2A.Z or H2A.Lap1 is targeted to the TSS of an active gene.
- Subjects :
- Male
RNA polymerase II
H2A.Bbd
Crystallography, X-Ray
Protein Structure, Secondary
Histones
Mice
Transcription (biology)
Y Chromosome
Histone methylation
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Regulation of gene expression
Genetics
Mice, Inbred BALB C
biology
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Cell Cycle
H2A.Z
Spermatids
Chromatin
Trophoblasts
Nucleosomes
ChIP-seq
Meiosis
Histone
microarray gene expression analysis
embryonic structures
Transcription Initiation Site
nucleosome positioning
Protein Binding
animal structures
H2A.Lap1
X Chromosome
Blotting, Western
Molecular Sequence Data
Models, Biological
stem cells
Histone H2A
Nucleosome
Animals
Amino Acid Sequence
histone variants
Spermatogenesis
Gene
active chromatin
the transcriptional start site
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Extra View
Gene Expression Profiling
Genetic Variation
Cell Biology
Gene Expression Regulation
biology.protein
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19491042 and 19491034
- Volume :
- 4
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Nucleus
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....c43a8a0181ce1cc4a5b2b5f45169848e