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Genetic variation analyses indicate conserved SARS‐CoV‐2–host interaction and varied genetic adaptation in immune response factors in modern human evolution
- Source :
- Development, Growth & Differentiation
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Wiley, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), is a pandemic as of early 2020. Upon infection, SARS‐CoV‐2 attaches to its receptor, that is, angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), on the surface of host cells and is then internalized into host cells via enzymatic machineries. This subsequently stimulates immune response factors. Since the host immune response and severity of COVID‐19 vary among individuals, genetic risk factors for severe COVID‐19 cases have been investigated. Our research group recently conducted a survey of genetic variants among SARS‐CoV‐2‐interacting molecules across populations, noting near absence of difference in allele frequency spectrum between populations in these genes. Recent genome‐wide association studies have identified genetic risk factors for severe COVID‐19 cases in a segment of chromosome 3 that involves six genes encoding three immune‐regulatory chemokine receptors and another three molecules. The risk haplotype seemed to be inherited from Neanderthals, suggesting genetic adaptation against pathogens in modern human evolution. Therefore, SARS‐CoV‐2 uses highly conserved molecules as its virion interaction, whereas its immune response appears to be genetically biased in individuals to some extent. We herein review the molecular process of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection as well as our further survey of genetic variants of its related immune effectors. We also discuss aspects of modern human evolution.<br />SARS‐CoV‐2 uses highly conserved molecules as its virion interaction, whereas its immune response appears to be genetically biased in individuals to some extent. The risk haplotype seemed to be inherited from Neanderthals, suggesting genetic adaptation against pathogens in modern human evolution.
- Subjects :
- genetic variant
Review Article
Adaptive Immunity
Biology
Host Adaptation
Evolution, Molecular
03 medical and health sciences
Chemokine receptor
human evolution
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
COVID‐19
Genetic variation
Animals
Humans
Review Articles
Pandemics
Allele frequency
Gene
Conserved Sequence
030304 developmental biology
Genetic association
Genetics
0303 health sciences
SARS-CoV-2
Sequence Analysis, RNA
Effector
COVID-19
Genetic Variation
Cell Biology
biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition
Chromosome 3
Host-Pathogen Interactions
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Genome-Wide Association Study
Developmental Biology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 1440169X and 00121592
- Volume :
- 63
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Development, Growth & Differentiation
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....c36a055590599b9eef6e4014df5d4455