Influence of experimental parameters inherent to optical fibers on Quantum Key Distribution, the protocol BB84

In this work, we represent the principle of quantum cryptography (QC) that is based on fundamental laws of quantum physics. QC or Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) uses various protocols to exchange a secret key between two communicating parties. This research paper focuses and examines the quantum key distribution by using the protocol BB84 in the case of encoding on the single-photon polarization and shows the influence of optical components parameters on the quantum key distribution. We also introduce Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) to better interpret our results and show its relationship with the intrusion of the eavesdropper called Eve on the optical channel to exploit these vulnerabilities.