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The Health Risks of Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Upper North Thailand
- Source :
- GeoHealth, Vol 5, Iss 4, Pp n/a-n/a (2021), GeoHealth
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2021.
-
Abstract
- Every year, Northern Thailand faces haze pollution during the haze episode. The particulate matter (PM), including fine fraction (PM2.5), a coarse fraction (PM2.5–10), and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), was measured in six provinces in upper north Thailand during the haze and non‐haze episodes in 2018. Eighty‐three percent of the PM2.5 measurements (21.8–194.0 µg/m3) during the haze episode exceeded the national ambient air quality standard in Thailand. All 16 PAHs were detected in the study area in both periods. The average concentration of total PAHs (particle‐bound and gas‐phase) during the haze episode was 134.7 ± 80.4 ng/m3, which was about 26 times higher than those in the non‐haze (5.1 ± 9.7 µg/m3). Naphthalene and acenaphthene were the dominant PAHs in the gas phase; whereas, indeno[123‐cd] pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and Benzo[ghi]Perylene were dominant in the particle‐bound phase. The estimated inhalation excess cancer risk from PAHs exposure was 9.3 × 10−4 and 2.5 × 10−5 in the haze episode and non‐haze, respectively. Diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis revealed that PAHs were derived from mixed sources of vehicle emission and solid combustion in the haze episode and vehicle emission in the non‐haze period. High pollution levels of PM and large cancer risk attributable to the exposure of PAHs in the haze episode suggest urgent countermeasures to reduce the source emission, especially from the solid combustion in the area.<br />Key Points Eighty‐three percent of the PM2.5 measurements (21.8–194.0 μg/m3) during the haze episode exceeded the ambient air quality standard in ThailandThe average concentration of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during the haze episode was about 26 times higher than those in the non‐hazeIndeno[123‐cd] pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and Benzo[ghi]Perylene were dominant in the particle‐bound phase
- Subjects :
- Pollution
Haze
Epidemiology
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
media_common.quotation_subject
Pollution: Urban, Regional and Global
General or Miscellaneous
Megacities and Urban Environment
Atmospheric Composition and Structure
PM2.5
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Biogeosciences
Environmental protection
Oceanography: Biological and Chemical
chemistry.chemical_compound
north Thailand
Paleoceanography
PAHs
TD169-171.8
Waste Management and Disposal
Urban Systems
Water Science and Technology
Naphthalene
media_common
Aerosols
Global and Planetary Change
Marine Pollution
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Acenaphthene
Geohealth
Aerosols and Particles
Particulates
Ambient air
Oceanography: General
Pollution: Urban and Regional
chemistry
Quality standard
Environmental chemistry
Pyrene
Environmental science
health risk assessment
Public Health
Natural Hazards
Research Article
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 24711403
- Volume :
- 5
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- GeoHealth
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....c148a16d090829ba2e36dc140cf8063f