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Understanding the Differences in the Growth and Toxin Production of Anatoxin-Producing Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi Cultured with Inorganic and Organic N Sources from a New Perspective: Carbon/Nitrogen Metabolic Balance
- Source :
- Toxins, Volume 12, Issue 11, Toxins, Vol 12, Iss 724, p 724 (2020)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Cyanotoxins are the underlying cause of the threat that globally pervasive Cyanobacteria Harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) pose to humans. Major attention has been focused on the cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystins (MCs)<br />however, there is a dearth of studies on cyanobacterial neurotoxin anatoxins. In this study, we explored how an anatoxin-producing Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi strain responded to culture with inorganic and organic nitrogen sources in terms of growth and anatoxins production. The results of our study revealed that ʟ- alanine could greatly boost cell growth, and was associated with the highest cell productivity, while urea significantly stimulated anatoxin production with the maximum anatoxin yield reaching 25.86 &mu<br />g/mg dry weight, which was 1.56-fold higher than that in the control group (BG11). To further understand whether the carbon/nitrogen balance in C. issatschenkoi would affect anatoxin production, we explored growth and toxin production in response to different carbon/nitrogen ratios (C/N). Anatoxin production was mildly promoted when the C/N ratio was within low range, and significantly inhibited when the C/N ratio was within high range, showing approximately a three-fold difference. Furthermore, the transcriptional profile revealed that anaC gene expression was significantly up-regulated over 2&ndash<br />24 h when the C/N ratio was increased, and was significantly down-regulated after 96 h. Overall, our results further enriched the evidence that urea can stimulate cyanotoxin production, and ʟ-alanine could boost C. issatschenkoi proliferation, thus providing information for better management of aquatic systems. Moreover, by focusing on the intracellular C/N metabolic balance, this study explained the anatoxin production dynamics in C. issatschenkoi in response to different N sources.
- Subjects :
- 0106 biological sciences
Cyanobacteria
Nitrogen balance
Proline
Nitrogen
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Bacterial Toxins
lcsh:Medicine
urea
010501 environmental sciences
Toxicology
medicine.disease_cause
01 natural sciences
Algal bloom
Article
Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi
Anatoxin-a
chemistry.chemical_compound
Ammonium Compounds
medicine
anatoxin-a
Food science
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Alanine
Nitrates
biology
Toxin
010604 marine biology & hydrobiology
lcsh:R
Hepatotoxin
Cyanotoxin
biology.organism_classification
C/N ratio
Carbon
chemistry
nitrogen sources
L-alanine
Urea
Marine Toxins
Tropanes
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20726651
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Toxins
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....c0f9dd0fcf79de32ceb07a2365be5a14
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12110724