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Iron-dependent nitrate reduction by anammox consortia in continuous-flow reactors: A novel prospective scheme for autotrophic nitrogen removal
- Source :
- Science of The Total Environment. 692:582-588
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Anammox bacteria are chemolithotrophic organisms growing on the conversion of ammonium and nitrite with bicarbonate as the sole carbon source. Meanwhile, anammox bacteria display a metabolic versatility to sustain their metabolism. However, there is less attention on the Fe0/Fe2+-dependent autotrophic denitrification by anammox consortia. In this study, the autotrophic nitrate reduction using different valence of iron (Fe0, Fe2+ and Fe0+ Fe2+, respectively) as electron donors by anammox consortia were firstly explored in continuous feeding mode. Results revealed anammox consortia showed high adaptability to the niche wherein containing nitrate and iron. They could generate nitrite and ammonium from iron-dependent nitrate reduction, and hence support their central metabolism. During 60-days operation, the maximum nitrate and total nitrogen removal efficiency reached 88.43% and 80.77%, respectively, with coexistence of Fe0 and Fe2+. The expression of key functional genes involved in nitrate reduction (including narG, napA and nrfA) in 16S rRNA level revealed the coupling of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to nitrite, dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonia (DNRA), and anammox processes possibly play pivotal role in nitrogen loss under Fe0/Fe2+ condition. Meanwhile, abiotic reduction by Fe0/Fe2+ also contributed nitrate reduction to provide nitrite and ammonium for anammox consortia. Activities of two vital enzymes hydrazine dehydrogenase (HDH) and nitrate oxidoreduetase (NAR) also inferred higher microbial activities with co-existence of Fe0 and Fe2+. The present study confirms and further extends the versatile metabolisms of Anammox consortia, also it can help to circumvent the accumulation of nitrate produced by anammox process itself and increase the quality of discharge.
- Subjects :
- Environmental Engineering
Denitrification
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Iron
chemistry.chemical_element
010501 environmental sciences
Waste Disposal, Fluid
01 natural sciences
Bacteria, Anaerobic
chemistry.chemical_compound
Ammonia
Nitrate
Environmental Chemistry
Ammonium
Autotroph
Nitrite
Waste Management and Disposal
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Autotrophic Processes
Nitrates
Pollution
Nitrogen
chemistry
Anammox
Environmental chemistry
Oxidation-Reduction
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00489697
- Volume :
- 692
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Science of The Total Environment
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....c0cca0b3b99bdc149ec403dd4ffe24e7