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Human Tibroviruses: Commensals or Lethal Pathogens?
- Source :
- Viruses, Vol 12, Iss 3, p 252 (2020), Viruses
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Rhabdoviruses are a large and ecologically diverse family of negative-sense RNA viruses (Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae). These viruses are capable of infecting an unexpectedly wide variety of plants, vertebrates, and invertebrates distributed over all human-inhabited continents. However, only a few rhabdoviruses are known to infect humans: a ledantevirus (Le Dantec virus), several lyssaviruses (in particular, rabies virus), and several vesiculoviruses (e.g., Chandipura virus, vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus). Recently, several novel rhabdoviruses have been discovered in the blood of both healthy and severely ill individuals living in Central and Western Africa. These viruses—Bas-Congo virus, Ekpoma virus 1, and Ekpoma virus 2—are members of the little-understood rhabdoviral genus Tibrovirus. Other than the basic genomic architecture, tibroviruses bear little resemblance to well-studied rhabdoviruses such as rabies virus and vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus. These three human tibroviruses are quite divergent from each other, and each of them clusters closely with tibroviruses currently known only from biting midges or healthy cattle. Seroprevalence studies suggest that human tibrovirus infections may be common but are almost entirely unrecognized. The pathogenic potential of this diverse group of viruses remains unknown. Although certain tibroviruses may be benign and well-adapted to humans, others could be newly emerging and produce serious disease. Here, we review the current knowledge of tibroviruses and argue that assessing their impact on human health should be an urgent priority.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
bivens arm virus
viruses
lcsh:QR1-502
Review
Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus
Virus Replication
medicine.disease_cause
lcsh:Microbiology
Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral
beatrice hill virus
tibrovirus
Public Health Surveillance
sweetwater branch virus
Mononegavirales
biology
coastal plains virus
Tibrovirus
Genomics
ekpoma virus
Infectious Diseases
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Vesiculovirus
Rhabdoviridae
rhabdovirus
Bas-Congo virus
food.ingredient
030106 microbiology
Genome, Viral
tibrogargan virus
Virus
03 medical and health sciences
bas-congo virus
food
Rhabdoviridae Infections
Virology
medicine
Animals
Humans
tibv
Symbiosis
Biological Products
Rabies virus
Genetic Variation
Environmental Exposure
Virus Internalization
biology.organism_classification
Viral Tropism
030104 developmental biology
Africa
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19994915
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Viruses
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....c0ca43f869701231ad8044b75796cbba