Trends in types of protein in US adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2010

ObjectiveTo delineate trends in types of protein in US adults from 1999 to 2010, we examined the mean intake of beef, pork, lamb or goat, chicken, turkey, fish, dairy, eggs, legumes, and nuts and seeds (grams per kilogram of body weight) among adults and according to subgroups, including chronic disease status.DesignSix cycles of the repeated cross-sectional surveys.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2010.ParticipantsUS adults aged ≥20 years (n 29 145, range: 4252–5762 per cycle).ResultsOverall, mean chicken (0·47 to 0·52 g/kg), turkey (0·09 to 0·13 g/kg), fish (0·21 to 0·27 g/kg) and legume (0·21 to 0·26 g/kg) intake increased, whereas dairy decreased (3·56 to 3·22 g/kg) in US adults (P ConclusionsDespite recommendations to reduce red meat, beef, lamb or goat intake did not change in adults, among those with a chronic disease or with lower socio-economic status.