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Infection of primary nasal epithelial cells differentiates among lethal and seasonal human coronaviruses

Authors :
Clayton J. Otter
Alejandra Fausto
Li Hui Tan
Noam A. Cohen
Susan R. Weiss
Source :
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology.
Publication Year :
2022

Abstract

SUMMARYThe nasal epithelium is the initial entry portal and primary barrier to infection by all human coronaviruses (HCoVs). We utilize primary nasal epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface, which recapitulate the heterogeneous cellular population as well as mucociliary clearance functions of thein vivonasal epithelium, to compare lethal (SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV) and seasonal (HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E) HCoVs. All four HCoVs replicate productively in nasal cultures but diverge significantly in terms of cytotoxicity induced following infection, as the seasonal HCoVs as well as SARS-CoV-2 cause cellular cytotoxicity as well as epithelial barrier disruption, while MERS-CoV does not. Treatment of nasal cultures with type 2 cytokine IL-13 to mimic asthmatic airways differentially impacts HCoV replication, enhancing MERS-CoV replication but reducing that of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63. This study highlights diversity among HCoVs during infection of the nasal epithelium, which is likely to influence downstream infection outcomes such as disease severity and transmissibility.

Details

Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....bf967077ee8652fbf740d16401157aee