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Effect of Lactic Fermentation Products on Human Epidermal Cell Differentiation, Ceramide Content, and Amino Acid Production
- Source :
- Skin Pharmacology and Physiolory. 34(2):103-114
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Karger, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Introduction: Lactic fermentation products (LFPs) are thought to affect “good” bacteria in the gut. We previously reported that oral administration of LFPs has beneficial therapeutic effects in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis. However, it is unclear how LFPs affect human epidermal cell differentiation, ceramide (Cer), and amino acid production. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of LFPs on epidermal cell differentiation, by assessing amino acid and Cer production. Methods: A 3-dimensional cultured human epidermis model and normal human epidermal keratinocytes were used. Cytotoxicity tests were performed using alamar Blue. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was used as an index to assess barrier function. Keratin 1 (K1), keratin 5 (K5), keratin 10 (K10), involucrin (INV), calpain 1, and transglutaminase (TGase) (markers of differentiation) and profilaggrin (proFLG) and bleomycin hydrolase (amino acid synthesis-related genes) expression levels were quantified by RT-PCR. In addition, TGase protein levels were measured by Western blotting. The intercellular lipid content of the stratum corneum was measured by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Amino acids were quantified using an amino acid analyzer. Finally, bound water content in the stratum corneum was measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Results: Cell viability did not change, but TEWL was significantly decreased in the cells treated with LFPs compared with the control cells. Treatment with LFPs significantly increased expression of the late-differentiation markers INV and TGase at the RNA level. Furthermore, TGase protein expression was significantly increased by treatment with LFPs. Treating a 3-dimensional cultured epidermis model with LFPs significantly increased the intercellular lipid content of the stratum corneum and production of the amino acid arginine (Arg). The amount of bound water in the stratum corneum was increased significantly in the LFP application group. Conclusion: Treatment with LFPs promotes human epidermal cell differentiation and increases the intercellular content of the free fatty acid, Chol, Cer [NS], Cer [AS], and Cer [AP]. This may result in improved skin barrier function. The increased amount of Arg observed in keratinocytes may help improve water retention.
- Subjects :
- Keratinocytes
Ceramide
genetic structures
Physiology
Cell Survival
Gene Expression
Epidermal cell differentiation
Dermatology
Ceramides
chemistry.chemical_compound
Lactobacillales
Stratum corneum
medicine
Cell differentiation
Humans
Lactic Acid
Amino Acids
Involucrin
Pharmacology
chemistry.chemical_classification
Transepidermal water loss
Lactic fermentation products
integumentary system
Water
General Medicine
Keratin 1
Epidermal cells
Amino acid
Keratin 5
medicine.anatomical_structure
chemistry
Biochemistry
Fermentation
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16605527
- Volume :
- 34
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Skin Pharmacology and Physiolory
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....bf1952687918c31ac7e19806a71114ec