Emergency Loading of a Transformer in a Coordinated Substation at Different Dynamic Loading Conditions

Utility encounters situations like when one out of two power transformers in the substation requires maintenance and only one transformer remains in operation. To meet the load requirements of a maximum number of customers, if not all, the only transformer needs to be overloaded. Due to various load types within the service territory, utilities need to understand the customers' maximum dynamic loading amount to overload a transformer in an emergency. We propose the iteration process with real-world substation data, which considers the concept of a coordinated substation for optimal power flow. We found to what extent the only 138 kV//13.8 kV, 30/40/50 MVA transformer can be safely overloaded beyond its nameplate's maximum rating for a minimum time. Within that time, the utility personnel can work on the substation yard and switchgear room safely and comfortably to bring back the other transformer in operation. We found from the perspective of power flow that with increased dynamic loading, transformer secondary current increases. Therefore, under the maximum dynamic loading condition, we should calculate the asymmetric fault current on the 13.2 kV switchgear bus to select the suitable CTs and develop a protection scheme accordingly.