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Graphene Oxides Decorated with Carnosine as an Adjuvant To Modulate Innate Immune and Improve Adaptive Immunity in Vivo
- Source :
- ACS Nano. 10:2203-2213
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- American Chemical Society (ACS), 2016.
-
Abstract
- Current studies have revealed the immune effects of graphene oxide (GO) and have utilized them as vaccine carriers and adjuvants. However, GO easily induces strong oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction at the site of injection. It is very necessary to develop an alternative adjuvant based on graphene oxide derivatives for improving immune responses and decreasing side effects. Carnosine (Car) is an outstanding and safe antioxidant. Herein, the feasibility and efficiency of ultrasmall graphene oxide decorated with carnosine as an alternative immune adjuvant were explored. OVA@GO-Car was prepared by simply mixing ovalbumin (OVA, a model antigen) with ultrasmall GO covalently modified with carnosine (GO-Car). We investigated the immunological properties of the GO-Car adjuvant in model mice. Results show that OVA@GO-Car can promote robust and durable OVA-specific antibody response, increase lymphocyte proliferation efficiency, and enhance CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cell activation. The presence of Car in GO also probably contributes to enhancing the antigen-specific adaptive immune response through modulating the expression of some cytokines, including IL-6, CXCL1, CCL2, and CSF3. In addition, the safety of GO-Car as an adjuvant was evaluated comprehensively. No symptoms such as allergic response, inflammatory redness swelling, raised surface temperatures, physiological anomalies of blood, and remarkable weight changes were observed. Besides, after modification with carnosine, histological damages caused by GO-Car in lung, muscle, kidney, and spleen became weaken significantly. This study sufficiently suggest that GO-Car as a safe adjuvant can effectively enhance humoral and innate immune responses against antigens in vivo.
- Subjects :
- Male
Materials science
Ovalbumin
medicine.medical_treatment
T cell
General Physics and Astronomy
Carnosine
02 engineering and technology
Immunopotentiator
Lymphocyte proliferation
Adaptive Immunity
010402 general chemistry
01 natural sciences
Mice
chemistry.chemical_compound
Immune system
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Antigen
medicine
Animals
Tissue Distribution
General Materials Science
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Body Weight
General Engineering
Organ Size
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
Acquired immune system
Immunity, Innate
0104 chemical sciences
Cell biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
chemistry
Immunology
Cytokines
Graphite
0210 nano-technology
Adjuvant
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 1936086X and 19360851
- Volume :
- 10
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- ACS Nano
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....be25803fd3ac5bdbbf56216ccebbf378