MECP2 duplication and mutations impair NSCs differentiation via miR-197 regulated ADAM10

How MECP2 (Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2) duplication affects cortex development remains elusive. We found that elevated MeCP2 expression promotes neurogenesis during cortex development in Tg(MECP2) mouse brain. Ectopic expression of MeCP2 in NPCs inhibits ADAM10 and hence compromises the NOTCH pathway during NPC differentiation. MeCP2 up-regulates miR-197 to down-regulate ADAM10. The enhanced NPC differentiation/migration in Tg(MECP2) embryonic brain can be repressed by overexpression of ADAM10 or a miR-197 inhibitor.Consistently, the reduced neurogenesis induced by three rare MeCP2 missense mutations (H371R, E394K, G428S) identified in a Han Chinese autism spectrum disorders (ASD) cohort, can be reversed by miR-197 both in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed that a regulatory axis involving MeCP2, miR-197, ADAM10, and NOTCH signaling is critical for neurogenesis, which is affected by both MeCP2 duplication and mutation.