Risk factors for poor health-related quality of life in cancer survivors with multiple chronic conditions: exploring the role of treatment burden as a mediator

David T Eton,1,2 Roger T Anderson,3 Wendy F Cohn,3 Erin M Kennedy,3 Jennifer L St. Sauver,1,2 Bayly J Bucknell,1 Kathryn J Ruddy4 1Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 2Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 3Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; 4Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for poor health-related quality of life (HRQL) in multi-morbid adult cancer survivors and explore whether perceived treatment and self-management burden mediate any of these relationships.Methods: Ninety-one multi-morbid cancer survivors (median age: 65 years) completed surveys at baseline and 6 months. Demographic, psychosocial, and health care-related factors were assessed as were perceived treatment burden and general HRQL (physical and mental health). Data on medical diagnoses and cancer treatment were extracted from the medical record. Bivariate correlations screened for associations between predictors and outcomes, with significant predictors entered into multivariable linear regressions to identify unique risk factors for greater treatment burden and poorer HRQL. Follow-up regressions examined whether treatment burden mediated any of the risk factor–outcome relationships.Results: Factors that correlated with higher baseline treatment burden included: having more diagnoses, less formal education, having seen more physicians in the past 6 months, having a mental health diagnosis, not having a set routine for one’s self-management, low health literacy, low self-efficacy for self-management, and low social support (Ps