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Proinflammatory Cytokines, Aging, and Age-Related Diseases
- Source :
- Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 14:877-882
- Publication Year :
- 2013
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2013.
-
Abstract
- Inflammation is a physiological process that repairs tissues in response to endogenous or exogenous aggressions. Nevertheless, a chronic state of inflammation may have detrimental consequences. Aging is associated with increased levels of circulating cytokines and proinflammatory markers. Aged-related changes in the immune system, known as immunosenescence, and increased secretion of cytokines by adipose tissue, represent the major causes of chronic inflammation. This phenomenon is known as "inflamm-aging." High levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein are associated in the older subject with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. In particular, cohort studies have indicated TNF-α and IL-6 levels as markers of frailty. The low-grade inflammation characterizing the aging process notably concurs at the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying sarcopenia. In addition, proinflammatory cytokines (through a variety of mechanisms, such as platelet activation and endothelial activation) may play a major role in the risk of cardiovascular events. Dysregulation of the inflammatory pathway may also affect the central nervous system and be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders (eg, Alzheimer disease).The aim of the present review was to summarize different targets of the activity of proinflammatory cytokines implicated in the risk of pathological aging.
- Subjects :
- Aging
Inflammation
Proinflammatory cytokine
Endothelial activation
Alzheimer Disease
medicine
Humans
Platelet activation
General Nursing
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
business.industry
Dementia, Vascular
Health Policy
Interleukin
General Medicine
Immunosenescence
Atherosclerosis
medicine.disease
Immunity, Innate
Muscular Atrophy
Immunology
Cytokines
Tumor necrosis factor alpha
Bone Remodeling
Geriatrics and Gerontology
Alzheimer's disease
medicine.symptom
Cognition Disorders
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15258610
- Volume :
- 14
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....ba7292db9190f655745a22de174e3951