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Identification of Novel Environmental Substances Relevant to Pediatric Graves' Disease
- Source :
- Frontiers in Endocrinology, Frontiers in Endocrinology, Vol 12 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Graves’ disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, yet a relatively rare disease in the pediatric population. GD is a complex disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. In this study, we aimed to find new environmental factors influencing the pathogenesis of GD. We investigated serum substances in 30 newly diagnosed GD children and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. We measured total iodine by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), analyzed perfluorinated compounds via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MRM-MS), and explored other environmental substances using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–QTOF/MS) analysis. Twenty-nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight genes related to GD were analyzed by SNaPshot. The serum total iodine was significantly higher in GD group, but its association with GD onset was weak, only with Exp(B) value near 1. The perfluorinated compound levels were not different between the two groups. More importantly, we found 16 environmental substances significantly different between GD and control groups, among which ponasterone A is a risk factor (p = 0.007 and Exp(B) = 14.14), while confertifoline is a protective factor against GD onset (p = 0.002 and Exp(B) = 0.001). We also identified 10 substances correlated significantly with thyroid indices in GD patients, among which seven associated with levels of the thyroid autoantibody TPOAb. No known SNPs were found predisposing GD. In this study, we explored a broad variety of environmental substances and identified novel factors that are potentially involved in the pediatric GD pathogenesis.
- Subjects :
- Male
medicine.medical_specialty
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Graves' disease
environmental substances
chemistry.chemical_element
Perfluorinated compound
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Thyroid Function Tests
Iodine
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology
Mass Spectrometry
Pathogenesis
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Endocrinology
Gene Frequency
children
Risk Factors
Internal medicine
single-nucleotide polymorphisms
medicine
Humans
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Risk factor
Child
030304 developmental biology
Original Research
0303 health sciences
business.industry
Thyroid
Environmental Exposure
RC648-665
medicine.disease
metabolomics
Anti-thyroid autoantibodies
Graves Disease
Thyroxine
medicine.anatomical_structure
chemistry
Child, Preschool
Triiodothyronine
Female
business
Graves’ disease
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16642392
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in endocrinology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....b9412bbc4698af31dcd7780d7a07a225