Use of mutant-assisted gene identification and characterization (MAGIC) to identify novel genetic loci that modify the maize hypersensitive response

The partially dominant, autoactive maize dis- ease resistance gene Rp1-D21 causes hypersensitive response (HR) lesions to form spontaneously on leaves and stems in the absence of pathogen recognition. The maize nested association mapping (NAM) population consists of 25 200-line subpopulations each derived from a cross between the maize line B73 and one of 25 diverse inbred lines. By crossing a line carrying the Rp1-D21 gene with lines from three of these subpopulations and assessing the F1 progeny, we were able to map several novel loci that modify the maize HR, using both single-population quan- titative trait locus (QTL) and joint analysis of all three populations. Joint analysis detected QTL in greater number and with greater confidence and precision than did single population analysis. In particular, QTL were detected in bins 1.02, 4.04, 9.03, and 10.03. We have previously termed this technique, in which a mutant phenotype is used as a ''reporter'' for a trait of interest, Mutant-Assisted Gene Identification and Characterization (MAGIC).