Identification of a homozygous GFPT2 variant in a family with asthenozoospermia

Purpose Asthenozoospermia (ASZ) is a condition characterized by reduced sperm motility in semen affecting approximately 19% of infertile men. Major risk factors, particularly gene mutations, still remain unknown. The main aim of the present study was to identify novel genes and mutations that may influence human sperm motility. Methods Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on a large pedigree of infertile men (n = 5) followed by bioinformatics analyses. Candidate pathogenic variants were screened in a control cohort of 400 ancestry-matched Iranian fertile men, 30 unrelated men with idiopathic ASZ, and public databases. Results A rare mutation in GFPT2 gene (c.1097G > A; p.Arg366Gln) located in the SIS 1 domain was segregated with the phenotype and was consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. The in silico analyses revealed that the mutation might affect the function of SIS 1 domain and abolish its carbohydrate-binding ability. Conclusion Homozygosity of the GFPT2 p.Arg366Gln mutation was associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in spermatozoa and decreased sperm motility.