Distribution of Glutathione S-Transferase T1 and M1 Genes Polymorphisms in North East Indians: A Potential Report

Detoxifying glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphisms show variation in different ethnic populations. GST detoxifies and metabolizes carcinogens, including oxygen free radicals. GST polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility to different diseases. In the current study, allelic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were analyzed in three ethnic groups of North East (NE) India where a high prevalence of various cancers and other diseases such as hypertension, tuberculosis, and asthma have been reported.We compared the prevalence of GSTT1 and GSTM1 deletion genotypes, which were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction, in 422 voluntary, healthy NE Indians with those of other populations. The data was statistically analyzed.The GSTT1-null genotype was found in 51%, 34.3%, and 15.7% of individuals (from Mizoram, Sikkim, and Assam regions of NE India, respectively), whereas the GSTM1-null genotype was found in 46.9%, 46%, and 35% of individuals from the same areas.The NE Indians differ from the rest of the Indian population with reference to genotypic distribution of GST polymorphisms but the frequency was found to be similar to that which has been reported from China. This may explain the hypothesis of the common ancestral origin of both the NE Indians and the Chinese and a higher frequency of cancers such as gastric, esophageal, and oral cancers, which has been reported from these regions. This study establishes baseline frequency data for GST polymorphisms for future case control studies on the role these polymorphisms play with regard to diseases. The results presented here provide the first report on GST polymorphisms in the NE Indian population.