Comparison of the safety and efficacy between the prone split-leg and Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia positions during endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery: A multi-institutional analysis

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the prone split-leg and the Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia positions during endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery. METHODS A multi-institutional, retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2014 and December 2018. The stone-free and complication rates were compared between the prone split-leg and the Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia positions. Anatomical variations were evaluated using contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging. RESULTS In total, 118 and 100 patients underwent endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery in the prone split-leg and Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia positions, respectively. Renal punctures in the prone split-leg position were predominantly executed through the lower calyces (78.0%), whereas those in the Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia position were primarily performed through the middle calyces (64.0%; P