Vitamin D Metabolism and Potential Effects of Vitamin D Receptor Modulation in Chronic Kidney Disease

Vitamin D deficiency is one determinant of secondary hyperparathyroidism in the course of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). However, numerous studies support the notion that vitamin D may exert pleiotropic effects aside of mineral metabolism control. Indeed, vitamin D receptor has been identified in a great variety of tissues and its activation contributes to the parathyroid, intestine, cardiovascular and immune system regulation. We herein review vitamin D metabolism and effects with a specific emphasis on the potential impact of vitamin D receptor modulation aside from parathyroid hormone control.