Parity-Time and anti-Parity-Time-Symmetry Integrated Optical Gyroscopes: A Perspective for High Performance Devices

It is well known that different optical techniques can be used to measure angular velocities. Interferometric Optical Gyroscopes (IFOGs) and Ring Laser Gyroscopes (RLG) exploit the Sagnac effect and are the preferred solutions for tactile grade applications. However, in the Sagnac effect the measured output is directly proportional to the gyroscope sizes. So, the miniaturization and the integration of optical gyroscopes is still a challenge in optoelectronics research. In this paper different approaches based on parity-time and anti-parity-time symmetry are explained and compared as highly performance solutions for the integration of optical gyroscopes. The sensitivity of the rotation-induced frequency-splitting (broadening) can be several orders of magnitude higher than the classical Sagnac splitting achieved with a single ring gyroscope occupying the same surface. We will show that anti-parity-time-symmetric solutions represent a better choice for angular velocity sensing.