Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria caused less than 5% of urinary tract infections in a paediatric emergency centre

Aim The last decade has seen a significant increase in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) secreting organisms responsible for paediatric urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly in community-acquired infections. These expose patients to the risks of antibiotic treatment failure and renal scarring. This prospective study examined the prevalence and risk factors of febrile ESBL UTIs and their treatment in the paediatric emergency department of a university hospital. Methods In this prospective observational study, all children from 0 to 16 years of age with febrile UTIs were included from May 2012 to April 2013. Cases with and without ESBL involvement were compared. Results Of the 474 diagnosed febrile UTIs, 22 (4.6%) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 2.9–6.9 were due to an ESBL-producing organism. Escherichia coli was found in 85% of cases. Significant odds ratios (OR) for ESBL urinary tract infections were prior hospitalisation (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.6–10.8), urinary tract abnormalities (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.5–10.2) and previous antibiotic treatment (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.2–8.8). All ESBL urinary tract infections had positive outcomes. Conclusion The prevalence of febrile ESBL urinary tract infections was less than 5% in a paediatric emergency department. This low rate was not high enough to justify changing our guidelines.