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Rotavirus disease burden pre-vaccine introduction in young children in Rural Southern Mozambique, an area of high HIV prevalence
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 4, p e0249714 (2021), PLoS ONE
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2021.
-
Abstract
- Background Rotavirus vaccines have been adopted in African countries since 2009, including Mozambique (2015). Disease burden data are needed to evaluate the impact of rotavirus vaccine. We report the burden of rotavirus-associated diarrhea in Mozambique from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) before vaccine introduction. Methods A case-control study (GEMS), was conducted in Manhiça district, recruiting children aged 0–59 months with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) and less-severe-diarrhea (LSD) between December 2007 and November 2012; including 1–3 matched (age, sex and neighborhood) healthy community controls. Clinical and epidemiological data and stool samples (for laboratory investigation) were collected. Association of rotavirus with MSD or LSD was determined by conditional logistic regression and adjusted attributable fractions (AF) calculated, and risk factors for rotavirus diarrhea assessed. Results Overall 915 cases and 1,977 controls for MSD, and 431 cases and 430 controls for LSD were enrolled. Rotavirus positivity was 44% (217/495) for cases and 15% (160/1046) of controls, with AF = 34.9% (95% CI: 32.85–37.06) and adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) of 6.4 p< 0.0001 in infants with MSD compared to 30% (46/155) in cases and 14% (22/154) in controls yielding AF = 18.7%, (95% CI: 12.02–25.39) and aOR = 2.8, p = 0.0011 in infants with LSD. The proportion of children with rotavirus was 32% (21/66) among HIV-positive children and 23% (128/566) among HIV-negative ones for MSD. Presence of animals in the compound (OR = 1.9; p = 0.0151) and giving stored water to the child (OR = 2.0, p = 0.0483) were risk factors for MSD; while animals in the compound (OR = 2.37, p = 0.007); not having routine access to water on a daily basis (OR = 1.53, p = 0.015) and washing hands before cooking (OR = 1.76, p = 0.0197) were risk factors for LSD. Conclusion The implementation of vaccination against rotavirus may likely result in a significant reduction of rotavirus-associated diarrhea, suggesting the need for monitoring of vaccine impact.
- Subjects :
- Male
Rotavirus
Rural Population
RNA viruses
Viral Diseases
Epidemiology
HIV Infections
Skin infection
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
medicine.disease_cause
Medical Conditions
0302 clinical medicine
Cost of Illness
Risk Factors
Reoviruses
Prevalence
Medicine and Health Sciences
030212 general & internal medicine
Child
Mozambique
Vaccines
Multidisciplinary
Rotavirus vaccine
Vaccination
Diarrhea
Infectious Diseases
Medical Microbiology
Child, Preschool
Viral Pathogens
Viruses
Medicine
Female
Pathogens
medicine.symptom
Research Article
Skin Infections
medicine.medical_specialty
Science
030231 tropical medicine
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Dermatology
Microbiology
Skin Diseases
Rotavirus Infections
03 medical and health sciences
Signs and Symptoms
Virology
Internal medicine
Infectious disease control
medicine
Humans
Microbial Pathogens
Rotavirus Infection
Disease burden
Biology and life sciences
Viral vaccines
business.industry
Rotavirus Vaccines
Organisms
HIV vaccines
Infant
Odds ratio
medicine.disease
Logistic Models
Age Groups
Case-Control Studies
Medical Risk Factors
People and Places
Population Groupings
Clinical Medicine
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 16
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLOS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....b5560b2b469a5ebc29e09354cd1bc7f9
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249714