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Rate differences between first and second primary cancers may outline immune dysfunction as a key risk factor
- Source :
- Cancer Medicine, Cancer Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 21, Pp 8258-8265 (2020)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2020.
-
Abstract
- Background Many cancers are increased in immunosuppressed patients and evidence is accumulating that immune dysfunction may be a contributing risk factor for second primary cancers (SPCs). The aim of this study was to explore the potential influence of immune mechanisms in SPC. Methods We used the Swedish Cancer Registry (1990‐2015) to select 13 male and 14 female first primary cancers (FPCs) that are known to be related to immune suppression. We assessed relative risks (RRs) for any of these as concordant (same first and second cancer) and discordant FPC‐SPC pairs. Hierarchical clustering of significant RRs was performed for cancers as FPC and SPC. Results Concordant risks for SPCs were excessive in men and women for nasal (RRs 59.3 for men and 150.6 for women), tongue/mouth (51.7 and 100.8), and lip (32.4 and 61.2) cancers. Heatmaps showed that some cancers, such as skin cancer, tongue/mouth cancers, and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma had multiple bidirectional associations as FPC and SPC. Nasal cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia had associations mainly as FPC while liver and kidney cancers showed most associations as SPC. Conclusions Immune dysfunction may be a plausible contributing factor for most of the associations, which calls for experimental verification.<br />Relative risks for a single second primary cancer after any first primary cancer (top), and RRs for any second primary cancer after a single first primary cancer (bottom). Male data are blue and female data in yellow symbols. The vertical bars show 95%CIs. NHL, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Oncology
Male
Cancer Research
medicine.medical_specialty
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
3122 Cancers
cancer risk
lcsh:RC254-282
Risk Assessment
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
INFLAMMATION
Risk Factors
Internal medicine
LYMPHOMA
medicine
Humans
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Registries
Risk factor
Original Research
Immunosuppression Therapy
Sweden
TRANSPLANTATION
business.industry
Incidence
Neoplasms, Second Primary
lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens
medicine.disease
multiple cancers
3. Good health
Lymphoma
Cancer registry
Transplantation
030104 developmental biology
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Relative risk
Female
immune suppression
Skin cancer
business
Cancer Prevention
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20457634
- Volume :
- 9
- Issue :
- 21
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Cancer Medicine
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....b532db846c13e3976849da6e34061157