Is early outpatient satisfaction with substance use disorder care a predictor of early dropout? Results of the SUBUSQOL cohort

Premature discontinuation of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment is a leading factor associated with poor outcomes. The aim of the study was to investigate factors associated with early dropout among individuals with SUD receiving outpatient care. In a prospective cohort of substance-dependent outpatients, we collected sociodemographic and clinical data, and participants completed questionnaires assessing health-related quality of life, states of anxiety and depression, and coping at baseline. We assessed satisfaction with the EQS-C soon after inclusion. We evaluated factors associated with dropout from care at 3 months using logistic regression models. We included a total of 175 patients at baseline. The retention rate over the 3-month period was 69.7%. The results indicate that higher satisfaction with care (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93–0.98, p = 0.01) and use of positive reframing (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.59–0.96, p = 0.04) led to significantly lower levels of dropout from care at 3 months. We also found that female gender (OR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.1–8, p = 0.03) and the use of the denial coping strategy (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.1–1.8, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with higher early dropout at 3 months. These results suggest the need to improve satisfaction with treatment and identify patients' needs to reduce the risk of early dropout from SUD care.