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Gender minority stress and access to health care services among transgender women and transfeminine people: results from a cross-sectional study in China
- Source :
- BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021), BMC Infectious Diseases
- Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Background Transgender and gender diverse individuals often face structural barriers to health care because of their gender minority status. The aim of this study was to examine the association between gender minority stress and access to specific health care services among transgender women and transfeminine people in China. Methods This multicenter cross-sectional study recruited participants between January 1st and June 30th 2020. Eligible participants were 18 years or older, assigned male at birth, not currently identifying as male, and living in China. Gender minority stress was measured using 45 items adapted from validated subscales. We examined access to health care services and interventions relevant to transgender and gender diverse people, including gender affirming interventions (hormones, surgeries), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) testing, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Multivariable regression was used to measure correlations between gender minority stress and access to health care service. Results Three hundred and twenty-four people completed a survey and data from 277 (85.5%) people were analyzed. The mean age was 29 years old (standard deviation [SD] = 8). Participants used hormones (118/277, 42.6%), gender affirming surgery (26/277, 9.4%), HIV testing (220/277, 79.4%), STI testing (132/277, 47.7%), PrEP (24/276, 8.7%), and PEP (29/267, 10.9%). Using gender affirming hormones was associated with higher levels of discrimination (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–1.70) and internalized transphobia (aOR 1.06, 95%CI 1.00–1.12). STI testing was associated with lower levels of internalized transphobia (aOR 0.91, 95%CI 0.84–0.98). Conclusions Our data suggest that gender minority stress is closely related to using health services. Stigma reduction interventions and gender-affirming medical support are needed to improve transgender health.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
medicine.medical_specialty
China
Cross-sectional study
Sexual health
Psychological intervention
HIV Infections
Infectious and parasitic diseases
RC109-216
Transgender Persons
Gender diverse
Health Services Accessibility
Sexual and Gender Minorities
Health care
Transgender
medicine
Humans
Reproductive health
business.industry
Gender-affirming care
Research
Infant, Newborn
Odds ratio
Minority stress
Gender minority stress
Infectious Diseases
Cross-Sectional Studies
Family medicine
Female
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
business
Transphobia
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14712334
- Volume :
- 21
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- BMC infectious diseases
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....b4991e1fe364027d17207d844ac0af12