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Alginate enhances Toll-like receptor 4-mediated phagocytosis by murine RAW264.7 macrophages
- Source :
- International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 105:1446-1454
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2017.
-
Abstract
- Alginate is a naturally acidic polysaccharide consisting alternately of β-d-mannuronic acid and α-l-guluronic acid with 1, 4-glycosidic linkages and is derived from brown seaweeds. Herein, the effect of alginate on the promotion of macrophage phagocytosis and the corresponding molecular mechanisms were investigated in murine RAW264.7 cells. Alginate could enhance the intracellular phagocytosis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), fluorescent microspheres and immunoglobulin G (IgG)-opsonized Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Moreover, alginate increased Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and activated the Akt/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. Alginate-promoted phagocytosis was suppressed by the addition of inhibitors of TLR4, NF-κB and p38 MAPK and by TLR4 gene knockdown, indicating the involvement of these key components. This work is the first to propose that alginate promotes phagocytosis via upregulating TLR4 expression and stimulating the Akt/NF-κB and p38 MAPK signalling pathways, which may contribute to the capacity of alginate to activate macrophages.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
MAPK/ERK pathway
Staphylococcus aureus
Alginates
MAP Kinase Signaling System
Phagocytosis
Metal Nanoparticles
Biology
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Biochemistry
Mice
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Glucuronic Acid
Structural Biology
Animals
Macrophage
Protein kinase A
Molecular Biology
Protein kinase B
Toll-like receptor
Hexuronic Acids
Macrophages
NF-kappa B
NF-κB
General Medicine
Molecular biology
Toll-Like Receptor 4
RAW 264.7 Cells
030104 developmental biology
chemistry
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
TLR4
Gold
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 01418130
- Volume :
- 105
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....b4677c328c012dc03b8789ab58edc885
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.129