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Investigating genetic diversity in admixed populations from Ecuador
- Source :
- American journal of physical anthropologyREFERENCES. 176(1)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- OBJECTIVES According to demographic history, Ecuador has experienced shifts in its Native American populations caused by European colonization and the African slave trade. The continuous admixture events among Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans occurred differently in each region of the country, producing a stratified population. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the level of genetic substructure in the Ecuadorian Mestizo population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 377 male and 209 female samples were genotyped for two sets of X-chromosomal markers (32 X-Indels and 12 X-STRs). Population analyses performed included Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests, LD analysis, PCA, pairwise FST s, and AMOVA. RESULTS Significant levels of LD were observed between markers separated by distances of less than 1 cM, as well as between markers separated by distances varying from 10.891 to 163.53 cM. Among Ecuadorian regions, Amazonia showed the highest average R2 value. DISCUSSION When X-chromosomal and autosomal differentiation values were compared, a sex-biased admixture between European men and Native American and African women was revealed, as well as between African men and Native American women. Moreover, a distinct Native American ancestry was discernible in the Amazonian population, in addition to sex-biased gene flow between Amazonia and the Andes and Pacific coast regions. Overall, these results underline the importance of integrating X chromosome information to achieve a more comprehensive view of the genetic and demographic histories of South American admixed populations.
- Subjects :
- 0106 biological sciences
Male
Linkage disequilibrium
Demographic history
Population
010603 evolutionary biology
01 natural sciences
Linkage Disequilibrium
Gene flow
Anthropology, Physical
INDEL Mutation
Humans
0601 history and archaeology
Colonization
Indel
education
Genetic diversity
education.field_of_study
Chromosomes, Human, X
060101 anthropology
Amazon rainforest
Indians, South American
Genetic Variation
06 humanities and the arts
Geography
Genetics, Population
Anthropology
Female
Ecuador
Anatomy
Demography
Microsatellite Repeats
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 10968644
- Volume :
- 176
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- American journal of physical anthropologyREFERENCES
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....b460a4c9365f5b22377336362f7d2b9f