Drude weight in systems with open boundary conditions

A many-electron conducting system undergoes free acceleration in response to a macroscopic field. The Drude weight $D$---also called charge stiffness---measures the adiabatic (inverse) inertia of the electrons; the $D$ formal expression requires periodic boundary conditions. When instead a bounded sample is addressed within open boundary conditions, no current flows and a constant (external) field only polarizes the sample: the Faraday cage effect. Nonetheless a low-frequency field induces forced oscillations: we show here that the low-frequency linear response of the bounded system is dominated by the adiabatic inertia and allows an alternative evaluation of $D$. Simulations on model one-dimensional systems demonstrate our main message.
Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures | Minor corrections w.r.t. v2 (mostly typos) | Accepted for pubblication in Phys. Rev. B