Carbon Nanotube-Doped Adhesive Films for Detecting Crack Propagation on Bonded Joints: A Deeper Understanding of Anomalous Behaviors

A novel nanoreinforced adhesive film has been developed to detect adhesive deformation and crack propagation along the bonding line by means of the electrical response of the material. Adhesive films were doped by spraying an aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) over the surface. To determine the sensitivity of bonded joints, single lap shear (SLS) and mode-I fracture energy tests have been carried out while their electrical response has been measured. It has been found that CNT-doped adhesive films are able to detect adhesive deformation and final failure for SLS specimens and crack initiation and propagation along the bonding line for mode-I specimens with a high sensitivity. Sudden increases on electrical resistance are correlated to a rapid growing of the crack length due to instability on crack propagation in a tick-slip case, whereas specimens with a more uniform crack propagation are linked to a steadier increase on electrical resistance, and both of them are properly correlated to the mechanical response. By analyzing more in detail the electrical response and comparing with theoretical approaches, the stick-slip behavior is associated with the presence of porosity and lack of adhesives because of possible manufacturing issues such as adhesive overflowing. These statements are also validated by microstructural analysis. Therefore, the potential and applicability of the proposed adhesive films for evaluating the structural integrity has been demonstrated.