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Phytotoxicity and Innate Immune Responses Induced by Nep1-Like Proteins
- Publication Year :
- 2006
- Publisher :
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries, 2006.
-
Abstract
- We show that oomycete-derived Nep1 (for necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide1)–like proteins (NLPs) trigger a comprehensive immune response in Arabidopsis thaliana, comprising posttranslational activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, deposition of callose, production of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen intermediates, ethylene, and the phytoalexin camalexin, as well as cell death. Transcript profiling experiments revealed that NLPs trigger extensive reprogramming of the Arabidopsis transcriptome closely resembling that evoked by bacteria-derived flagellin. NLP-induced cell death is an active, light-dependent process requiring HSP90 but not caspase activity, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, or functional SGT1a/SGT1b. Studies on animal, yeast, moss, and plant cells revealed that sensitivity to NLPs is not a general characteristic of phospholipid bilayer systems but appears to be restricted to dicot plants. NLP-induced cell death does not require an intact plant cell wall, and ectopic expression of NLP in dicot plants resulted in cell death only when the protein was delivered to the apoplast. Our findings strongly suggest that NLP-induced necrosis requires interaction with a target site that is unique to the extracytoplasmic side of dicot plant plasma membranes. We propose that NLPs play dual roles in plant pathogen interactions as toxin-like virulence factors and as triggers of plant innate immune responses.
- Subjects :
- Programmed cell death
Cytoplasm
Light
Lipid Bilayers
Arabidopsis
Germination
Plant Science
Genes, Plant
Fungal Proteins
chemistry.chemical_compound
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Tobacco
Camalexin
Arabidopsis thaliana
Phylogeny
Research Articles
chemistry.chemical_classification
Innate immune system
biology
Cell Death
Phytoalexin
Jasmonic acid
Callose
Cell Membrane
Genetic Variation
food and beverages
Cell Biology
biology.organism_classification
Immunity, Innate
Plant Leaves
chemistry
Biochemistry
Seedlings
Protein Binding
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....b26846b276aaad48cc2a93172ea7f7b7
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.17615/816x-v534