Optimal Nutritional Factors Influencing the Duration of Mechanical Ventilation Among Adult Patients with Critical Illnesses in an Intensive Care Unit

Apinya Koontalay,1 Wanich Suksatan,2 Jonaid M Sadang,3 Kantapong Prabsangob4 1Independent Researcher, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; 2Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand; 3College of Health Sciences, Mindanao State University, Marawi, Philippines; 4College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkram, ThailandCorrespondence: Wanich SuksatanFaculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, ThailandTel +66827550027Email wanich.suk@pccms.ac.thKantapong PrabsangobCollege of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkram, ThailandTel +66840412068Email kantapong.pr@ssru.ac.thObjective: This study aims to identify the impact of nutritional factors on mechanical ventilation duration for critical patients.Patients and Methods: The current study was a single-center, prospective observational design which enrolled one-hundred critically ill patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). It demonstrates purposive sampling and also performs the descriptive nutritional factors influencing the mechanical ventilation duration. Daily calories target requirement scale (DCRS), subjective global assessment form (SGA), dyspnea assessment form, and APACHE II have been used as methods in the study along with time to initial enteral nutrition (EN) after 24-hour admission and daily calories target requirement over 7 days to assess patients. Data is analyzed using the multiple regressions.Results: As a result, nutritional status monitoring, time to initial EN, calories and target requirements are statistically positive significance associated with the mechanical ventilation duration respectively (R = 0.54, R = 0.30, R= 0.40, p < 0.05). However, age, illness severity, and dyspnea scales are not associated with the mechanical ventilation duration (p> 0.05). Therefore, the nutritional status, malnutrition scores and calorie target requirements can be used to significantly predict the mechanical ventilation duration. The predictive power is 58 and 28.0% of variance. The most proper influencer to predict the mechanical ventilation duration is nutritional status or malnutrition scores.Conclusion: The research findings show that the nutritional status, time to initial EN, and calorie target requirement within 7 days of admission are associated with the mechanical ventilation duration in the critical patients. Therefore, it can be used to develop guidelines reducing the mechanical ventilation duration and to promote the ventilator halting for critical patients.Keywords: critical care, enteral feeding, mechanical ventilation, nutritional status