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Biochemical transformation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides by acyloxyacyl hydrolase reduces host injury and promotes recovery
- Source :
- J Biol Chem
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Animals can sense the presence of microbes in their tissues and mobilize their own defenses by recognizing and responding to conserved microbial structures (often called microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs)). Successful host defenses may kill the invaders, yet the host animal may fail to restore homeostasis if the stimulatory microbial structures are not silenced. Although mice have many mechanisms for limiting their responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major Gram-negative bacterial MAMP, a highly conserved host lipase is required to extinguish LPS sensing in tissues and restore homeostasis. We review recent progress in understanding how this enzyme, acyloxyacyl hydrolase (AOAH), transforms LPS from stimulus to inhibitor, reduces tissue injury and death from infection, prevents prolonged post-infection immunosuppression, and keeps stimulatory LPS from entering the bloodstream. We also discuss how AOAH may increase sensitivity to pulmonary allergens. Better appreciation of how host enzymes modify LPS and other MAMPs may help prevent tissue injury and hasten recovery from infection.
- Subjects :
- Lipopolysaccharides
0301 basic medicine
Lipopolysaccharide
Neutrophils
CD14
Lymphocyte Antigen 96
Inflammation
Biology
Biochemistry
Acyloxyacyl hydrolase
Microbiology
Lipid A
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Gram-Negative Bacteria
medicine
Animals
Humans
Lung
Molecular Biology
MAMP
chemistry.chemical_classification
030102 biochemistry & molecular biology
JBC Reviews
Cell Biology
Toll-Like Receptor 4
030104 developmental biology
Enzyme
chemistry
medicine.symptom
Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases
Homeostasis
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00219258
- Volume :
- 295
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....b05afd149d772f57fc1d9fd70f59912d