Hippocampal AMPA- and NMDA-induced cGMP signals are mainly generated by NO-GC2 and are under tight control by PDEs 1 and 2

In the central nervous system, the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling cascade has an established role in fine-tuning of synaptic transmission. In the present study, we asked which isoform of NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase, NO-GC1 or NO-GC2, is responsible for generation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)- and AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid)-induced cGMP signals and which of the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is responsible for degradation. To this end, we performed live cell fluorescence measurements of primary hippocampal neurons isolated from NO-GC isoform-deficient mice. Although both isoforms contributed to the NMDA- and AMPA-induced cGMP signals, NO-GC2 clearly played the predominant role. Whereas under PDE-inhibiting conditions the cGMP levels elicited by both glutamatergic ligands were comparable, NMDA-induced cGMP signals were clearly higher than the AMPA-induced ones in the absence of PDE inhibitors. Thus, AMPA-induced cGMP signals are more tightly controlled by PDE-mediated degradation than NMDA-induced signals. In addition, these findings are compatible with the existence of at least two different pools of cGMP in both of which PDE1 and PDE2-known to be highly expressed in the hippocampus-are mainly responsible for cGMP degradation. The finding that distinct pools of cGMP are equipped with different amounts of PDEs highlights the importance of PDEs for the shape of NO-induced cGMP signals in the central nervous system.