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Mouse hypospadias: A critical examination and definition
- Source :
- Differentiation. 92:306-317
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2016.
-
Abstract
- Hypospadias is a common malformation whose etiology is based upon perturbation of normal penile development. The mouse has been previously used as a model of hypospadias, despite an unacceptably wide range of definitions for this malformation. The current paper presents objective criteria and a definition of mouse hypospadias. Accordingly, diethylstilbestrol (DES) induced penile malformations were examined at 60 days postnatal (P60) in mice treated with DES over the age range of 12 days embryonic to 20 days postnatal (E12 to P20). DES-induced hypospadias involves malformation of the urethral meatus, which is most severe in DES E12-P10, DES P0-P10 and DES P5-P15 groups and less so or absent in the other treatment groups. A frenulum-like ventral tether between the penis and the prepuce was seen in the most severely affected DES-treated mice. Internal penile morphology was also altered in the DES E12-P10, DES P0-P10 and DES P5-P15 groups (with little effect in the other DES treatment groups). Thus, adverse effects of DES are a function of the period of DES treatment and most severe in the P0 to P10 period. In “estrogen mutant mice” (NERKI, βERKO, αERKO and AROM+) hypospadias was only seen in AROM+ male mice having genetically-engineered elevation is serum estrogen. Significantly, mouse hypospadias was only seen distally at and near the urethral meatus where epithelial fusion events are known to take place and never in the penile midshaft, where urethral formation occurs via an entirely different morphogenetic process.
- Subjects :
- Male
0301 basic medicine
Cancer Research
medicine.medical_specialty
medicine.drug_class
030232 urology & nephrology
Diethylstilbestrol
Embryonic Development
Biology
Article
Mice
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Urethra
Morphogenesis
medicine
Animals
Humans
Molecular Biology
Gynecology
Hypospadias
Embryogenesis
Cell Biology
Anatomy
medicine.disease
Critical examination
030104 developmental biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
Estrogen
Etiology
Penis
Developmental Biology
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 03014681
- Volume :
- 92
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Differentiation
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....af001b06dceab8306a58b752c261ffa9