The Architectural and Ecological Features of the Underground Development of the Ravine Network in a Riverside City (on the Example of Volgograd)

The paper shows new approaches to the rational use of the urban area depending on the significant and technical features of the landscape (mouth of rivers, ravines) becoming the unique prerequisites for planning deep and spatial public-recreational urban areas created at the underground level. The issues of the analysis of the world and Russian experience in the underground urban planning are solved, the application of the ecological measures on the example of the experimental planning underground recreational spaces in Volgograd. Architectural and landscape planning rests on a hypothetic model of the underground spatial and recreational area with regard to the ravine relief. The research embrace landscape, architectural, ecological design of underground spatial and recreational urban spaces built on the peculiarities of the relief. The main techniques in the work became: the method of system approach; the analysis of design and scientific research in publication and regulation sources; modeling and experimental planning. The results of the work: some natural prerequisites have been revealed to organize public and recreational underground spaces the structure of which included the underground construction, an open landscape park zone and the space overlapped by contemporary envelopes and an exploited roof with planting. The planning is directed at the improvement of the ecological state of the environment, the provision of the efficient use of the territory, forming emotional expressive panoramas enhancing an aesthetic image of the city.