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The Proteostasis Network: A Global Therapeutic Target for Neuroprotection after Spinal Cord Injury

Authors :
Scott R. Whittemore
Sujata Saraswat Ohri
Michael D. Forston
George Z. Wei
Michal Hetman
Source :
Cells. 11:3339
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2022.

Abstract

Proteostasis (protein homeostasis) is critical for cellular as well as organismal survival. It is strictly regulated by multiple conserved pathways including the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy, the heat shock response, the integrated stress response, and the unfolded protein response. These overlapping proteostasis maintenance modules respond to various forms of cellular stress as well as organismal injury. While proteostasis restoration and ultimately organism survival is the main evolutionary driver of such a regulation, unresolved disruption of proteostasis may engage pro-apoptotic mediators of those pathways to eliminate defective cells. In this review, we discuss proteostasis contributions to the pathogenesis of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Most published reports focused on the role of proteostasis networks in acute/sub-acute tissue damage post-SCI. Those reports reveal a complex picture with cell type- and/or proteostasis mediator-specific effects on loss of neurons and/or glia that often translate into the corresponding modulation of functional recovery. Effects of proteostasis networks on such phenomena as neuro-repair, post-injury plasticity, as well as systemic manifestations of SCI including dysregulation of the immune system, metabolism or cardiovascular function are currently understudied. However, as potential interventions that target the proteostasis networks are expected to impact many cell types across multiple organ systems that are compromised after SCI, such therapies could produce beneficial effects across the wide spectrum of highly variable human SCI.

Details

ISSN :
20734409
Volume :
11
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Cells
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....ad3bc3454a58aeedffa6ea659180afe7
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11213339