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Retrospective mass spectrometric analysis of wastewater-fed mesocosms to assess the degradation of drugs and their human metabolites
- Source :
- Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC, instname
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Elsevier, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Temporary rivers become dependent on wastewater effluent for base flows, which severely impacts river ecosystems through exposure to elevated levels of nutrients, dissolved organic matter, and organic micropollutants. However, biodegradation processes occurring in these rivers can be enhanced by wastewater bacteria/biofilms. Here, we evaluated the attenuation of pharmaceuticals and their human metabolites performing retrospective analysis of 120 compounds (drugs, their metabolites and transformation products) in mesocosm channels loaded with wastewater effluents twice a week for a period of 31 days. Eighteen human metabolites and seven biotransformation products were identified with high level of confidence. Compounds were classified into five categories. Type-A: recalcitrant drugs and metabolites (diclofenac, carbamazepine and venlafaxine); Type-B: degradable drugs forming transformation products (TPs) (atenolol, sitagliptin, and valsartan); Type-C: drugs for which no known human metabolites or TPs were detected (atorvastatin, azithromycin, citalopram, clarithromycin, diltiazem, eprosartan, fluconazole, ketoprofen, lamotrigine, lormetazepam, metformin, telmisartan, and trimethoprim); Type-D: recalcitrant drug metabolites (4-hydroxy omeprazole sulfide, erythro/threo-hydrobupropion, and zolpidem carboxylic acid); Type-E: unstable metabolites whose parent drug was not detectable (norcocaine, benzolylecgonine, and erythromycin A enol ether). Noteworthy was the valsartan acid formation from valsartan with transient formation of TP-336.<br />This study has been financially supported by the EU through the PRIMA project (INWAT 201980E121). This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project CEX2018-000794-S). The authors also acknowledge SCIEX for providing the loan instrument LC/HRMS QTOF X500R. The EU is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
- Subjects :
- Drug
Ketoprofen
Environmental Engineering
Human metabolites
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Atorvastatin
media_common.quotation_subject
0211 other engineering and technologies
02 engineering and technology
Wastewater
010501 environmental sciences
01 natural sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Biotransformation
medicine
Humans
Environmental Chemistry
Waste Management and Disposal
Ecosystem
Retrospective Studies
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
media_common
021110 strategic, defence & security studies
Chromatography
Mesocosm
Pollution
Norcocaine
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Valsartan
chemistry
Transformation products
Pharmaceuticals
Natural attenuation
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Drug metabolism
Environmental Monitoring
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC, instname
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....acd7c51fddea1dfdc25e985cbeff17c9