Direct Percutaneous Transthoracic Cardiac Access for Recanalization of Longstanding Branch Pulmonary Artery Atresia

We describe the use of direct percutaneous cardiac access to recanalize an atretic right pulmonary artery in an adolescent with complex congenital heart disease and right heart failure. This case highlights the problems associated with loss of central venous access and potential advantages of a direct cardiac approach to catheterization. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.)
Graphical abstract