Indication for Biopsy: Nephrotic Syndrome

This means heavy proteinuria associated with hypoalbuminaemia and oedema. The amount of proteinuria required to give the syndrome varies between definitions but is at least 3 g total protein output in the urine per 24 hours. Occasionally proteinuria is in the nephrotic range without the other features of the syndrome. Renal excretory function may be normal or abnormal. There may be haematuria or hypertension. There is hyperlipidaemia as part of the syndrome.