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Associations of sodium and potassium consumption with the gut microbiota and host metabolites in a population-based study in Chinese adults
- Source :
- Am J Clin Nutr
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Background: There is increasing evidence that sodium consumption alters the gut microbiota and host metabolome in murine models and small studies in humans. However, there is a lack of population-based studies that capture large variations in sodium consumption as well as potassium consumption. Objective: We examined the associations of energy-adjusted dietary sodium (milligrams/kilocalorie), potassium, and sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio with the microbiota and plasma metabolome in a well-characterized Chinese cohort with habitual excessive sodium and deficient potassium consumption. Methods: We estimated dietary intakes from 3 consecutive validated 24-h recalls and household inventories. In 2833 adults (18-80 y old, 51.2% females), we analyzed microbial (genus-level 16S ribosomal RNA) between-person diversity, using distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA), and within-person diversity and taxa abundance using linear regression, accounting for geographic variation in both. In a subsample (n = 392), we analyzed the overall metabolome (dbRDA) and individual metabolites (linear regression). P values for specific taxa and metabolites were false discovery rate adjusted (q-value). Results: Sodium, potassium, and Na/K ratio were associated with microbial between-person diversity (dbRDA P < 0.01) and several specific taxa with large geographic variation, including pathogenic Staphylococcus and Moraxellaceae, and SCFA-producing Phascolarctobacterium and Lachnospiraceae (q-value < 0.05). For example, sodium and Na/K ratio were positively associated with Staphylococcus and Moraxellaceae in Liaoning, whereas potassium was positively associated with 2 genera from Lachnospiraceae in Shanghai. Additionally, sodium, potassium, and Na/K ratio were associated with the overall metabolome (dbRDA P ≤ 0.01) and several individual metabolites, including butyrate/isobutyrate and gut-derived phenolics such as 1,2,3-benzenetriol sulfate, which was negatively associated with sodium in Guizhou (q-value < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sodium and potassium consumption is associated with taxa and metabolites that have been implicated in cardiometabolic health, providing insights into the potential roles of gut microbiota and host metabolites in the pathogenesis of sodium- and potassium-associated diseases. More studies are needed to confirm our results.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
0301 basic medicine
China
Potassium
Sodium
Population
Medicine (miscellaneous)
chemistry.chemical_element
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
Gut flora
Diet Surveys
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Metabolome
Humans
Food science
Microbiome
education
Aged
education.field_of_study
Nutrition and Dietetics
Bacteria
biology
Moraxellaceae
Lachnospiraceae
Potassium, Dietary
Sodium, Dietary
Middle Aged
biology.organism_classification
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Original Research Communications
030104 developmental biology
chemistry
Female
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00029165
- Volume :
- 112
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....ab49a0bd747ab8f719fbc7797043750f