Prenatal Diagnosis of Lissencephaly Type 2 using Three-dimensional Ultrasound and Fetal MRI: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Lissencephaly is a genetic heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the classical triad: brain malformations, eye anomalies, and congenital muscular dystrophy. Prenatal diagnosis is feasible by demonstrating abnormal development of sulci and gyri. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may enhance detection of developmental cortical disorders as well as ocular anomalies. We describe a case of early diagnosis of lissencephaly type 2 detected at the time of routine second trimester scan by three-dimensional ultrasound and fetal MRI. Gross pathology confirmed the accuracy of the prenatal diagnosis while histology showed the typical feature of cobblestone cortex. As the disease is associated with poor perinatal prognosis, early and accurate prenatal diagnosis is important for genetic counseling and antenatal care. AUSL Reggio Emilia, Osped Civile Guastalla, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Reggio Emilia, Italy Ist Ricovero & Cura Carattere Sci IRCCS Arcispeda, Dept Diagnost Imaging, Reggio Emilia, Italy Ist Ricovero & Cura Carattere Sci IRCCS Arcispeda, Dept Pathol, Reggio Emilia, Italy Univ Fed Sao Paulo, EPM Unifesp, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Obstet, Rua Napoleao Barros 875, BR-04024002 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Paulo, EPM Unifesp, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Obstet, Rua Napoleao Barros 875, BR-04024002 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Web of Science