Multi-mode architectures for noise-resilient superconducting qubits

Great interest revolves around the development of new strategies to efficiently store and manipulate quantum information in a robust and decoherence-free fashion. Several proposals have been put forward to encode information into qubits that are simultaneously insensitive to relaxation and to dephasing processes. Among all, given their versatility and high degree of control, superconducting qubits have been largely investigated in this direction. Here, we present a survey on the basic concepts and ideas behind the implementation of novel superconducting circuits with intrinsic protection against decoherence at a hardware level. In particular, the main focus is on multi-mode superconducting circuits, the paradigmatic example being the so-called $0-\pi$ circuit. We report on their working principle and possible physical implementations based on conventional Josephson elements, presenting recent experimental realizations, discussing both fabrication methods and characterizations.
Comment: 47 pages, review article