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How does nitrogen shape plant architecture?
- Source :
- Journal of Experimental Botany
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Oxford University Press (OUP), 2020.
-
Abstract
- Nitrogen regulation of the relationship between plant height and tillering and panicle structure occurs at different developmental stages through integration of the synthesis and distribution of multiple phytohormones.<br />Plant nitrogen (N), acquired mainly in the form of nitrate and ammonium from soil, dominates growth and development, and high-yield crop production relies heavily on N fertilization. The mechanisms of root adaptation to altered supply of N forms and concentrations have been well characterized and reviewed, while reports concerning the effects of N on the architecture of vegetative and reproductive organs are limited and are widely dispersed in the literature. In this review, we summarize the nitrate and amino acid regulation of shoot branching, flowering, and panicle development, as well as the N regulation of cell division and expansion in shaping plant architecture, mainly in cereal crops. The basic regulatory steps involving the control of plant architecture by the N supply are auxin-, cytokinin-, and strigolactone-controlled cell division in shoot apical meristem and gibberellin-controlled inverse regulation of shoot height and tillering. In addition, transport of amino acids has been shown to be involved in the control of shoot branching. The N supply may alter the timing and duration of the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive growth phase, which in turn may affect cereal crop architecture, particularly the structure of panicles for grain yield. Thus, proper manipulation of N-regulated architecture can increase crop yield and N use efficiency.
- Subjects :
- 0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine
architecture
Cell division
Nitrogen
Physiology
Meristem
Plant Science
Biology
01 natural sciences
Crop
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
nitrate
Auxin
tillering
shoot branching
Review Papers
transcription factor
Panicle
chemistry.chemical_classification
Indoleacetic Acids
AcademicSubjects/SCI01210
Crop yield
fungi
food and beverages
flowering time
ammonium
phytohormones
030104 developmental biology
chemistry
Agronomy
transporter
Shoot
Cytokinin
Amino acids
panicle structure
Plant Shoots
010606 plant biology & botany
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14602431 and 00220957
- Volume :
- 71
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Experimental Botany
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....aaaa007520e55a39d533929bbb1db903