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Evaluation of HF Radar Wave Measurements in Iberian Peninsula by Comparison with Satellite Altimetry and in Situ Wave Buoy Observations
- Source :
- Remote Sensing, Volume 12, Issue 21, Pages: 3623, Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 3623, p 3623 (2020)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2020.
-
Abstract
- The skills of CODAR SeaSonde coastal high-frequency radars (HFR) located in the West Iberian Peninsula on measuring wave parameters are compared to in situ (buoy) and satellite altimeters (SA) wave observations. Significant wave heights (SWH), wave periods, and wave directions are compared over a time window of 36-months, from January 2017 to December 2019. The ability of HFR systems to capture extreme wave events is also assessed by comparing SWH measurements during the Emma storm, which hit the Iberian Peninsula in March 2018. The analysis presented in this study shows a slight overestimation of the SWH by the HFR systems. Comparisons with in situ observations revealed correlation coefficients (R) of the order of 0.69–0.87, biases below 0.60 m, root-mean-squared errors (RMSE) between 0.89 m to 1.18 m, and a slope regression between 1.01 and 1.26. Using buoy observations as reference ground truth, the comparisons with SA revealed Rs higher than 0.94, biases under 0.19 m, and RMSEs between 0.17 m and 0.42 m. Since in situ observations do not overlap all the HFR range cells (RC), and its correlation coefficients with SA have shown good agreement (R > 0.94), Sentinel-3 SA (SRAL) SWH measurements are further used for the validation of the HFR systems SWH observations. The comparison between the HFR and the SA collocated SWH observations allowed the evaluation of the ability of the radars to retrieve wave data as a function of the distance to the coast, particularly during extreme wave events. The comparison of the lower frequency (4.86 MHz) HFR coastal radars with the SA measurements showed an R of 0.94–0.99, a negative but reduced bias (−0.37), and an RMSE of 0.53 m. The higher frequency HFR systems (12–13.5 MHz) showed R between 0.53 and 0.82, and a clear overestimation of the SWH by the HFR sites.
- Subjects :
- satellite altimeter
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
0211 other engineering and technologies
02 engineering and technology
01 natural sciences
law.invention
law
Western Iberian Peninsula
Hfr cell
Range (statistics)
Altimeter
Radar
lcsh:Science
wave buoys
021101 geological & geomatics engineering
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Ground truth
Buoy
HF radar
Storm
wave parameters
Geodesy
General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Satellite
lcsh:Q
Geology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20724292
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Remote Sensing
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a99d216bdd4ffead0b8edfc65906958d
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12213623