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Spatial epidemiological study of the distribution, clustering, and risk factors associated with early COVID-19 mortality in Mexico
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0254884 (2021), PLoS ONE
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2021.
-
Abstract
- COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has significantly impacted economic and public healthcare systems worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 is highly lethal in older adults (>65 years old) and in cases with underlying medical conditions, including chronic respiratory diseases, immunosuppression, and cardio-metabolic diseases, including severe obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. The course of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico has led to many fatal cases in younger patients attributable to cardio-metabolic conditions. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to perform an early spatial epidemiological analysis for the COVID-19 outbreak in Mexico. Firstly, to evaluate how mortality risk from COVID-19 among tested individuals (MRt) is geographically distributed and secondly, to analyze the association of spatial predictors of MRt across different states in Mexico, controlling for the severity of the disease. Among health-related variables, diabetes and obesity were positively associated with COVID-19 fatality. When analyzing Mexico as a whole, we identified that both the percentages of external and internal migration had positive associations with early COVID-19 mortality risk with external migration having the second-highest positive association. As an indirect measure of urbanicity, population density, and overcrowding in households, the physicians-to-population ratio has the highest positive association with MRt. In contrast, the percentage of individuals in the age group between 10 to 39 years had a negative association with MRt. Geographically, Quintana Roo, Baja California, Chihuahua, and Tabasco (until April 2020) had higher MRt and standardized mortality ratios, suggesting that risks in these states were above what was nationally expected. Additionally, the strength of the association between some spatial predictors and the COVID-19 fatality risk varied by zone.
- Subjects :
- Male
RNA viruses
Viral Diseases
Epidemiology
Physiology
Coronaviruses
Disease
Geographical locations
0302 clinical medicine
Medical Conditions
Endocrinology
Risk Factors
Geoinformatics
Medicine and Health Sciences
Medicine
Cluster Analysis
030212 general & internal medicine
Young adult
Pathology and laboratory medicine
Multidisciplinary
Geography
Human migration
Overcrowding
Middle Aged
Medical microbiology
Spatial Autocorrelation
Infectious Diseases
Physiological Parameters
Viruses
Female
SARS CoV 2
Pathogens
Research Article
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Computer and Information Sciences
Adolescent
SARS coronavirus
Endocrine Disorders
Human Migration
Science
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Microbiology
03 medical and health sciences
Young Adult
Age Distribution
Diabetes Mellitus
Humans
Obesity
Mexico
Aged
Spatial Analysis
business.industry
Internal migration
Body Weight
Organisms
Viral pathogens
Outbreak
COVID-19
Biology and Life Sciences
Covid 19
medicine.disease
Microbial pathogens
Age Groups
Medical Risk Factors
Metabolic Disorders
North America
Earth Sciences
Population Groupings
People and places
business
Demography
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a8e71475ae44572ea507ad9ceaa026ef