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Biosynthesis and Industrial Production of Androsteroids
- Source :
- Plants, Vol 9, Iss 1144, p 1144 (2020), Plants, Batth, R, Nicolle, C, Cuciurean, I S & Simonsen, H T 2020, ' Biosynthesis and Industrial Production of Androsteroids ', Plants, vol. 9, no. 9, 1144 . https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091144
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Steroids are a group of organic compounds that include sex hormones, adrenal cortical hormones, sterols, and phytosterols. In mammals, steroid biosynthesis starts from cholesterol via multiple steps to the final steroid and occurs in the gonads, adrenal glands, and placenta. This highly regulated pathway involves several cytochrome P450, as well as different dehydrogenases and reductases. Steroids in mammals have also been associated with drug production. Steroid pharmaceuticals such as testosterone and progesterone represent the second largest category of marketed medical products. There heterologous production through microbial transformation of phytosterols has gained interest in the last couple of decades. Phytosterols being the plants sterols serve as inexpensive substrates for the production of steroid derivatives. Various genes and biochemical pathways involved in phytosterol degradation have been identified in many Rhodococcus and Mycobacterium species. Apart from an early investigation in mammals, presence of steroids such as androsteroids and progesterone has also been demonstrated in plants. Their main role is linked with growth, development, and reproduction. Even though plants share some chemical features with mammals, the biosynthesis is different, with the first C22 hydroxylation as an example. This is performed by CYP11A1 in mammals and CYP90B1 in plants. Moreover, the entire plant steroid biosynthesis is not fully elucidated. Knowing this pathway could provide new processes for the industrial biotechnological production of steroid hormones in plants.
- Subjects :
- 0106 biological sciences
steroid hormones
medicine.medical_treatment
phytosterols
Plant Science
Review
Steroid biosynthesis
progesterone
01 natural sciences
Steroid
03 medical and health sciences
010608 biotechnology
medicine
cholesterol biosynthesis
Testosterone
Androsteroids
Progesterone
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Steroid hormones
030304 developmental biology
androsteroids
pregnenolone
0303 health sciences
Ecology
biology
Phytosterol
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme
fungi
Botany
Phytosterols
Cytochrome P450
Metabolic pathway
Biochemistry
Pregnenolone
QK1-989
testosterone
biology.protein
Cholesterol biosynthesis
Hormone
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 22237747
- Volume :
- 9
- Issue :
- 1144
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Plants
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a85acf00ff2531f8bb76e0dda6fc2db3